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1 ALIN
(gen. sing. alnar or álnar; pl. alnar or álnir), f. = öln;1) the old Icelandic ell (about half a yard);2) unit of value, an ell of woollen stuff (alin vaðmáls), = one sixth of an ounce(eyrir).* * *f. A dissyllabic form alun appears in old poetry, v. Lex. Poët. In early prose writers a monosyllabic form öln prevails in nom. dat. acc. sing., D. I. i. 310. l. 22 (MS. of the year 1275), 314. l. 16 (MS. year 1250), 311, 312. l. 16, 313. l. 7, 89. l. 1. Nom. pl., α. the old, alnar; β. the later, alnir: the former in -ar, in D. I. i. 309 (a MS. of the year 1275), 310–312 (MS. year 1370), 313, 316. l. 19, 318. 1. 15. The pl. in -ir, D. I. i. 89 sqq., in MSS. of the 13th and 14th centuries. In the contracted form aln- the simple radical vowel soon became a diphthongal á, viz. álnar, álnir, álnum, álna, and is at present so spelt and pronounced. We find an acute accent indeed in álna (gen pl.), D. I. i. 313. l. 25 (MS. year 1375), and dinar, id. l, 7; álnom, 1. 28; ölnum with changed vowel, N. G. L. i. 323 (in an Icel. transcript). The present declension is, nom. acc. alin, gen. álnar; pl. nom. acc. álnir, gen. álna, dat. alnum.I. properly the arm from the elbow to the end of the middle finger [Gr. ώλένη, Lat. ulna, cp. A. S. el-boga, Engl. el-bow, etc.]; almost obsolete, but still found in the words ölbogi qs. öln-bogi, ‘elbow,’ and úlf-liðr, prop. uln- or óln-liðr, wrist, commonly pronounced unl-liðr [false etymol., v. Edda, p. 17]; cp. Ísl. Þjóðs. ii. 19, where tungl (luna) and unl- rhyme. Freq. in poetry in such compounds as alun-leygr, -brandr, ölun-grjót, alnar-gim, alin-leygr, the standing poët, name of gold and gems being ignis or lapis cubiti.II. mostly metaph.:1. an ell, [Ulf. aleina; A. S. eln; Engl. ell; O. H. G. elina; Dan. alen; Lat. ulna, cp. cubitum] ; the finger, arm, foot were the original standards for measure. The primitive ell measured the length from the elbow to the point of the second finger, and answered to about half a yard Engl. = 18 inches. The Icel. ell before the year 12OO measured just half a yard. About this year, by a law of bishop Paul, the ell was doubled into a stika, a stika being precisely = two ells = an Engl. ell of that time. To prevent the use of bad measure, a just and lawful stika (yard) was marked on the walls of the churches, esp. that at Thingvellir, as an authorised standard, Páls S. ch. 9, Bs. i. 135, D. I. i. 309, 316, Jb. Kb. 26; ensk lérept tveggja álna, English linen of two ells measure, id.; þat er mælt, at at graftar kirkju hverri skal mæla stiku lengd, þá er rétt sé at hafa til álna máls, ok megi menn þar til ganga ef á skilr um alnar, 309. During the whole of the 15th century the Icel. trade was mainly in British hands; thus the Engl. double ell probably prevailed till the end of the 15th or beginning of the 16th century. The Hanse Towns ell = 21 1/11 inches was then introduced, and abolished in the year 1776, when the Dan. ell = 24 inches came into use. At present the Hanse Towns ell is called Íslenzk alin (Icel. ell), and the original half-yard ell is quite obsolete; cp. Jón Sigurðsson in D. I. i. 306–308, and Pál Vidal. s. v. alin.2. a unit of value, viz. an ell (half-yard measure) of woollen stuff (vaðmál); the vaðmál (Halliwell wadmal, Engl. woadmal, Orkn. and Shell, wadmaal and vadmel) was in Icel. the common medium of payment, whence an ell became the standard unit of value or property, whether in land or chattels; 120 ells make a hundred, v. that word. In D. I. i. 316 we are told that, about the year 1200, three ells were equal in value to one ounce of ordinary silver, whence the expression þriggja álna eyrir (a common phrase during the 13th century). The value of the ell of vaðmal, however, varied greatly; during the 11th and 12th centuries six ells made an ounce, D. I. i. 88. In Norway we find mentioned níu, ellifu álna aurar (nine, eleven ells to an ounce). In Grág. (Kb.) ii. 192, § 245, it is said that, about the year 1000, four ells in Icel. made an ounce, and so on; vide Dasent, Essay in 2nd vol. of Burnt Njal., and Pal Vidal. s. v. alin.COMPDS: álnarborð, álnarbreiðr, alnarkefli, álnartíund, álnarvirði, álnasök. -
2 אמה
אַמָּהf. (b. h.; אמם, v. אֵם) 1) fore-arm, arm. Sot.12b; Ex. R. s. 1 אמתה חד אמר ידה the word אמתה (Ex. 2:5)one says it means אַמָּתָהּ, her arm, the other says it means אֲמָתָהּ, her maid-servant (v. אָמָה).Lam. R. introd. (R. Josh. 2) א׳ דבצלי׳ an arm (direction-post) ; v. בְּצַל; Koh. R. to XII, 7 אם.אַמַּת (בית) השחי the arm up to the axilla, arm-pit, name of an opening in a Temple door; v. however, infra. 4). 2) cubit, a measure equal to the distance from the elbow to the tip of the middle-finger. Keth.5b; Men.11a זו א׳ this one (the middle-finger) is used for defining the cubit measure. Kel. XVII, 10 אַמַּת הבניןוכ׳ the standard cubit of the Temple proportions was six, that of the vessels five hand-breadths. Sabb.31a א׳ הבנין the builders cubit (instrument).א׳ על א׳ square-cubit. Yoma 31a; a. e.Zeb.62b (גרומה) א׳ גדומה; Y.Yoma IV, 41c bot. גמודה a reduced cubit; v. גָּדַם; also called א׳ בת ששה עצבות a cubit of six hand-breadths pressed together (sorrowing), opp. to א׳ (בת ששה) שוחקות a cubit of six wide-spread (laughing) hand-breadths. Erub.3b. Y.Shek.VI, end, 50b.Gen. R. s. 31 (א׳) תביקין Theban (Egypt.) cubit (?). B. Bath.99b אמה בית השלחין land for digging a dyke of one cubits width; הקילון א׳ בית (Var. קלון, סילון) land for a creek or pond for watering cattle and washing clothes, of one cubits width. 3) (= אצבע) membrum virile. Sabb.108b. Nid. 13a sq. B. Kam.19b. 4) prop. river-arm, hence canal, dyke, sewer. Peah II, 2 אַמַּת המים.Yoma V, 6 אלו ואלו מתערבין בא׳ the blood of both was mixed in the sewer; Tam.III, 6; B. Mets.33a; Y.Hor.III, 48b top אמת (בית) השחי a sewer in the Temple called the duct of the arm-pit (from its shape; v. Grætz Monatsschr. 1880, p. 289; (emendation שית unnecessary); v. supra.Pl. אַמֹּות cubits. Kel. XVII, 10; a. fr. -
3 אַמָּה
אַמָּהf. (b. h.; אמם, v. אֵם) 1) fore-arm, arm. Sot.12b; Ex. R. s. 1 אמתה חד אמר ידה the word אמתה (Ex. 2:5)one says it means אַמָּתָהּ, her arm, the other says it means אֲמָתָהּ, her maid-servant (v. אָמָה).Lam. R. introd. (R. Josh. 2) א׳ דבצלי׳ an arm (direction-post) ; v. בְּצַל; Koh. R. to XII, 7 אם.אַמַּת (בית) השחי the arm up to the axilla, arm-pit, name of an opening in a Temple door; v. however, infra. 4). 2) cubit, a measure equal to the distance from the elbow to the tip of the middle-finger. Keth.5b; Men.11a זו א׳ this one (the middle-finger) is used for defining the cubit measure. Kel. XVII, 10 אַמַּת הבניןוכ׳ the standard cubit of the Temple proportions was six, that of the vessels five hand-breadths. Sabb.31a א׳ הבנין the builders cubit (instrument).א׳ על א׳ square-cubit. Yoma 31a; a. e.Zeb.62b (גרומה) א׳ גדומה; Y.Yoma IV, 41c bot. גמודה a reduced cubit; v. גָּדַם; also called א׳ בת ששה עצבות a cubit of six hand-breadths pressed together (sorrowing), opp. to א׳ (בת ששה) שוחקות a cubit of six wide-spread (laughing) hand-breadths. Erub.3b. Y.Shek.VI, end, 50b.Gen. R. s. 31 (א׳) תביקין Theban (Egypt.) cubit (?). B. Bath.99b אמה בית השלחין land for digging a dyke of one cubits width; הקילון א׳ בית (Var. קלון, סילון) land for a creek or pond for watering cattle and washing clothes, of one cubits width. 3) (= אצבע) membrum virile. Sabb.108b. Nid. 13a sq. B. Kam.19b. 4) prop. river-arm, hence canal, dyke, sewer. Peah II, 2 אַמַּת המים.Yoma V, 6 אלו ואלו מתערבין בא׳ the blood of both was mixed in the sewer; Tam.III, 6; B. Mets.33a; Y.Hor.III, 48b top אמת (בית) השחי a sewer in the Temple called the duct of the arm-pit (from its shape; v. Grætz Monatsschr. 1880, p. 289; (emendation שית unnecessary); v. supra.Pl. אַמֹּות cubits. Kel. XVII, 10; a. fr.
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